第 1 步:先换一根 USB 线(一半的问题都出在这)Step 1: try a different USB cable (half of all cases)
很多 USB 线是纯充电线,只供电、不传数据——插上后板子灯会亮,但电脑完全识别不到。请换一根确定能传数据的线(比如手机连电脑传过文件的那根)再试。
Many USB cables are charge-only — power but no data. The board's LED lights up, yet the computer never sees it. Grab a cable you know carries data (e.g. one you've used to transfer files from a phone) and try again.
Windows 用户On Windows
插上板子,打开设备管理器,展开「端口 (COM 和 LPT)」:
Plug the board in, open Device Manager and expand "Ports (COM & LPT)":
- 没有任何新设备出现 → 是线或接口的问题,换线、换 USB 口(不要经 hub / 扩展坞,直插电脑)。
- 有 CH340 但带黄色感叹号,提示「该设备无法启动 (代码 10)」 → 板子上的 CH340 是兼容芯片,被新版官方驱动拦截了。卸载现有驱动,改装 CH341SER 3.5 旧版驱动,然后在设备管理器里右键该设备 → 更新驱动程序 → 浏览计算机 → 选中旧版本。
- 显示「USB-SERIAL CH340 (COMx)」一切正常,但网页弹窗里还是没有 → 换官方 Chrome 或 Edge 重试(360、QQ 等浏览器阉割了 Web Serial),并关掉 Arduino IDE 等可能占用串口的程序。
- No new device appears → cable or port problem: try another cable / USB port (plug straight into the computer, not through a hub or dock).
- CH340 shows a yellow warning: "This device cannot start (Code 10)" → the board's CH340 is a compatible clone blocked by the newer official driver. Uninstall the current driver, install the older CH341SER 3.5 driver, then in Device Manager right-click the device → Update driver → Browse my computer → pick the old version.
- "USB-SERIAL CH340 (COMx)" looks fine but the browser popup is still empty → retry in official Chrome or Edge (many third-party Chromium browsers strip Web Serial), and close anything that may hold the port, such as Arduino IDE.
Mac 用户On Mac
不需要装任何驱动——macOS 系统自带 CH340 驱动,装第三方驱动反而容易出问题(内核扩展默认被系统拦截,导致设备无法识别)。
Don't install any driver — macOS ships with a CH340 driver, and a third-party one tends to make things worse (the kernel extension gets blocked by default and the device disappears).
- 如果之前装过 CH340 驱动:打开「系统设置 → 隐私与安全性」,允许被拦截的系统扩展并重启;或者直接卸载该驱动后重启,用系统自带的即可。
- 验证方法:打开「终端」,输入
ls /dev/cu.*,插拔一次板子对比输出——正常会新增一个 cu.usbserial-xxx 或 cu.wchusbserial-xxx。
- If you installed a CH340 driver before: open System Settings → Privacy & Security, allow the blocked extension and reboot — or simply uninstall the driver, reboot, and use the built-in one.
- To verify: open Terminal, run
ls /dev/cu.*, unplug/replug the board and compare — a new cu.usbserial-xxx or cu.wchusbserial-xxx should appear.
还是不行?Still stuck?
- 确认浏览器是桌面版官方 Chrome / Edge(Safari、Firefox 及大部分国产浏览器不支持 Web Serial)。
- 看一眼板子上串口芯片的丝印:如果不是 CH340 而是 CH9102 或 CP2102,Windows 需要装对应的驱动(Mac 依然免驱)。
- 不要通过 USB hub、扩展坞或键盘上的 USB 口连接,直插电脑。
- Make sure the browser is official desktop Chrome / Edge (Safari, Firefox and most third-party browsers don't support Web Serial).
- Check the silkscreen on the serial chip: if it's a CH9102 or CP2102 rather than a CH340, Windows needs the matching driver (Mac still needs none).
- Don't connect through a USB hub, dock, or keyboard port — plug directly into the computer.